I think, and im as far from a physicist as can be,but,most of mans power converting inventions are only about 40% efficient. Pdf geoocean thermal energy conversion geotec power. Grid august, 2015 download as pdf otec faq infographic key milestones click the thumbnails below to view fullsize graphics. It was found that current technology exists to build otec plants. Otec,ocean thermal energy conversion is an energy technology. Principle and preliminary calculation of ocean thermal. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process that can produce electricity by using the temperature difference between deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface waters. Hawaii became the first state in the us to generate electricity from the thermal energy stored in ocean water using a new 105kilowatt ocean thermal energy conversion otec plant. This is referred to as otec for ocean thermal energy conversion.
Using the total heat transfer area of heat exchangers per net power as an objective function, an otec cycle with plate. Otec provides not only power generation but also some solutions to the. Otec only has an extraction cost of the deep ocean water itself, and the extraction method pumps gets energy from the otec process itself. Pdf demand for energy worldwide is increasing significantly. Makai ocean engineering celebrates the completion of the worlds largest operational ocean thermal energy conversion otec power plant with a dedication ceremony held on friday, august 21. The pilot project will be jointly developed by the beijingbased resort developer reignwood group and the usbased defence and aerospace company lockheed martin. Published in ocean energy recovery, pp 152181, asce 1992 3 vega. In this study, we proposed a new concept of combining otec. Otec,ocean thermal energy conversion is an energy technology that converts solar radiations to electrical power ocean thermal energy conversion. The governor of hawaii, david ige, flipped the switch to activate the plant. Otec is a renewable energy technology that converts solar radiation into electric power by use. America, and is a model of the power plant technology to be constructed overseas in the future. The carbon dioxide outgassing from the proposed closed cycle otec plant is negligible, as compared to the approximately 700 grams per kwh amount released by fuel oil plants. I cannot answer this, i work in power plants, all i can say is they are hot and very noisy.
The potential geothermal waste heat, which exists in the form of raw hot natural gas is contin. The ocean contains enoughenergy power all of the worlds otec is a way to generateelectrical needs. Process and technology status ocean thermal energy conversion. The purpose of this study is to create numerical equations about the amount of pump energy required in otec power generation systems. The plant is to be built off the coast of southern china to supply 100 percent of the power needed for a largescale green resort community being developed by reignwood group. Makai ocean engineerings ocean thermal energy conversion otec power plant is the worlds biggest operational facility of its kind, with an annual power generation capacity of 100kw, which is sufficient to power 120 homes in hawaii. Each one has its own set of challenges in development. This may not sound like a lot but as the power demand for the otec plant is increased to hundreds of mw of power, the.
Otec otec, ocean thermal energy conversion, is designed to transform solar energy stored in temperature differences between the ocean surface and the deep ocean and make electricity and freshwater directly, if the otec facility is onshore, or generate a gaseous fuel such as methane or hydrogen that can be stored, if the facility is in the open. There exist some locations where a shell mounted otec plant can be constructed at a depth of 200 m. The other important consideration is that an otec plant can provide baseload power. Also shown on the cover is a compactsize, nonreheating turbine, for which rapid growth is anticipated in the overseas markets. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the temperature difference between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surface seawaters to run a heat engine and produce useful work, usually in the form of electricity. Design considerations on 100 mw commercial scale otec power plant and a lmwe class engineering test plant, t. An alternative procedure for calculating the working fluid mass flow rate is given in ref. Ocotec power plant fitted with a secondstage water flashing unit, with a net power production capability of about 1. The plant failed to achieve net power production because of a poor site selection e. This course is designed to provide the students with application of thermal engineering. Figure 5 twostage rankine cycle power plant showing details of the streams the two stages produce a combined gross shaft power of 24. Pdf a new improved ocean thermal energy conversion system. Ocean resources programme in nigerianiomr previous and current research work and conclusions in the development and harnessing of ocean renewable energy such as tides, waves, currents, temperature gradient, and salinity gradient revealed that ocean renewable energy can be harnessed for electricity generation. Introduction oceans cover more than 70% of earths surface, making them the worlds largest solar collectors.
Geoocean thermal energy conversion geotec power cycleplant. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is an energy generation. Staging rankine cycles using ammonia for otec power production. Ocean thermal energy conversion makai ocean engineering. Worlds largest ocean thermal energy conversion otec. Ocotec plants could be sized at 1mw to 10 mw, and 450 thousand to 9. In order to produce power with the low temperature range, a working fluid with low boiling point is used. Hainan ocean thermal energy conversion otec power plant. Provide information on the history, operation, application and current development on the ocean thermal energy conversion technology.
Otec plants pump large quantities of deep cold seawater and surface seawater to run a power cycle and produce electricity. Since then, although many scientists have made earnest effort to materialization, otec has never commercialized yet. A 10mw ocean thermal energy conversion otec prototype power plant has been planned off the coast of hainan island in southern china. Here youll find a collection of information on this historic project, as well as information on otec technology, news, and posts from facility staff. Dividing the power plant into three major subsystems, tseng et al. Then in 1999 they tested a 250 kw closedcycle otec plant. Solar panel converts sunlight into electricity and charges 12v batteries for dc direct current appliances. The nelhasited plant will generate 100 kilowatts of sustainable, continuous electricityenough to power 120 hawaii homes annually. Introduction this research is based on the concept of an alternative renewable energy source. Maximum output of an otec power plant sciencedirect. Calculation of power pumps on otec power plant ocean. Condenser w 0 steam power plant q h h out 4 1 the thermal efficiency of the rankine cycle is determine from net out th in in k 1 wq qq where w q q w w net in out turbine, out pump, in deviation of actual vapor power cycle from idealized ones the actual vapor power cycle differs from the ideal rankine cycle, as a result of.
Few otec investigators pay sufficient attention to the meter minimum distance between the thermal energy source ocean surface warm water and sink deep ocean cold water. A new era in the technology of ocean thermal energy conversion otec, which is a system of converting thermal energy in ocean into electricity, has come now. According to current knowledge the price of electricity from traditional generation will continue to increase tec merge offers through a different range wind turbines for everyone. Objectives the primary objectives of this paper are as follows. Working fluids for otec power plants 17 exchangers and on power plant performance measured in ft2 of. This is equivalent to filling 46 liter bottles full of seawater every second. An ocean thermal energy conversion power plant built by makai ocean engineering went operational in hawaii in august 2015. Pdf a new rankine power cycle utilising a combination of ocean thermal energy and. Welcome to the okinawa prefecture deep sea water ocean thermal energy conversion otec demonstration facility. It is seen in the previous section that the blend of the new otec system with the floating. Data obtained from research conducted by syamsuddin et al on otec potential in the indonesian seas the average temperature of shallow and deep water temperature are 28. Power plant for extracting solar energy from the sea, paper.
Ocean thermal energy conversion otec technology uses a turbine generator to create renewable energy from the temperature difference between cold, deep seawater circulating in the ocean and surface seawater warmed by the sun. Once the plant is operational it can function, uninterrupted for. For example, energy from, solar energy, bioenergy, wind energy, geothermal energy, wave, tidal and otec. Direct solarthermal power plants and biological fuel farms can meet. In 1998, the national institute of ocean technology in india and the saga university started a project of a 1 mw gross otec floating plant, in the southeast of tuticorin, south india, where the. Ocotec power plant proper, with a net power production capability of about 1.
Because a closedcycle otec power plant operates as a lowtemperature, low pressure rankine cycle, it poses less hazard to operating. Mpee is defined as being sustainable and technically feasible, given. Otec transforms the heat stored in the surface water of tropical oceans, into mechanical work to produce energy. Hawaii ocean thermal energy conversion plant first in us. These ua values combine with an otec plant design log mean temperature difference lmtd.
On the selection of working fluids for otec power plants. Otc 21016 economics of ocean thermal energy conversion. None of these forms of power has yet been perfected. The otec power plant uses the temperature difference between the oceans cold deep water and warm surface water to generate clean, renewable electricity that is available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. The planned construction of an otec ocean thermal energy conversion power plant in the southern chinese high seas is set to become the largest power plant in the world. This gross power is substantially greater than that for the single stage. Makai connects worlds largest ocean thermal plant to u. The power plant is intended to be a joint venture between two business giants, usbased engineering corporation lockheed martin and hong kongbased construction consortium reignwood. The seawater flow rate for a 255 kw open cycle otec plant is 0. Electrical energy transmission for otec power plants. As otec technology matures, large floating otec plants are expected to produce energy carriers or synthetic fuels that can be shipped to energy consumers.
Ocean thermal energy conversion and open ocean mariculture. Makais ocean thermal energy conversion otec power plant. Calculate the carnot efficiency of an otec power plant. On the whole, w t, w n, w cs, w ws, and w p increase with m cs. Book download link provided by engineering study material esm. Ocean thermal energy conversion plant with freon 22, haruo uehara, hisao kusuda, masanori monde, tsutomu nakaoka. Ocean thermalenergy conversionotec utilizes the worlds largestsolar radiation collector theocean. Otec can operate with a very high capacity factor and so can operate in base load mode. The future for other power alternatives otec, tidal power, biomass, and hydrogen power may all seem unlikely sources of energy, but the technology is already available.
Note that the pumping power of the working fluid and the warm seawater pumping power in a otec plant system play an insignificant role in the determination of net power. The cold and warm water effluents from the second stage combine into a mixed discharge pool with a. The present status and features of otec and recent aspects of. Programs containing 45 or more prescribed technical program requirements 20182019 catalog. Otec transforms the heat stored in surface water of tropical oceans into mechanical work to produce useful energy. There appear to be no insuperable technical problems associated with transmitting electrical energy from an otec plant located in relatively shallow water a depth less than 6000 ft. Technical note maximum output of an otec power plant. The ocean thermal extractable energy visualization oteev project focuses on assessing the maximum practicably extractable energy mpee from the worlds ocean thermal resources. Interest in otec has waned although the indian government is constructing a one megawatt otec plant, and. Lockheed martin just announced plans to partner with the reignwood group to construct the worlds largest ocean thermal energy conversion otec plant off the. Worlds largest ocean thermal energy conversion plant.
At a result, cost effective otec power plant design has not been developed. The otec ocean thermal energy conversion power plant is one candidate. News makai connects worlds largest ocean thermal plant to u. This is the first true closedcycle ocean thermal energy conversion otec. The present status and features of otec and recent aspects. This renewable source is ocean thermal energy conversion otec. Electricity generation by the ocean thermal energy tethys. The concept of otec was first proposed by french physicist in 1881. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a promising renewable. The technical problems involved in transmitting otec energy to shore via electric power cables have been investigated and the associated costs have been estimated. The bathymetry of the coast around main land of india where cold water at a depth of m is available at about 40 km from the shore necessitates the use of a floating platform to house the otec plant.
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